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By the end of the 19th century, physicists had achieved an almost complete picture of the world comprised of two basic entities, particles and fields. The particles, such as the electron, behaved like tiny bits of matter; and the fields, such as electricity, gravity and magnetism, were spread out over vast regions and when disturbed could vibrate and travel as waves. The particles were the source of fields and were also moved by fields. The charged electron, for instance, produces an electric field which will influence the motion of electrons and other charged particles. The quantum revolution began in 1900 with Max Planck's discovery of the basic quantum of action and was completed by Heisenberg, Schrödinger and Dirac who formulated the basic quantum mathematics. In the new quantum picture waves acquir...